Hyperpigmentation: A Clinical Map to Fading Dark Spots
Hyperpigmentation is a broad term for any condition in which patches of skin produce more melanin than surrounding tissue. The result is areas that appear darker than the baseline skin tone. Beyond that general description, the causes and mechanisms diverge significantly.
Treating all dark spots the same way is one of the most common skincare mistakes. The intervention that fades post-inflammatory marks is not the same as the one that addresses melasma, and applying the wrong approach wastes months of effort and money.
The Three Primary Types
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is melanin deposited in response to inflammation. Acne, eczema, a cut, or any trauma to the skin can trigger it. The melanin is produced as a protective response to inflammation and often persists long after the original insult has resolved.
Quick answer
Where this fits in Orlena's hyperpigmentation system
This article supports Orlena's protocol-first approach: identify the skin state, choose the pathway, then select ingredients and products by role instead of adding unrelated actives.
Best next step: use the related Orlena protocol or Formula Depths glossary to connect this topic with product examples, ingredient roles, and routine order.
